Implications to aquifer storage from shifts in timing of water-balance partitioning: Indiana, United StatesLetsinger, Sally⋅Balberg, Allison and Gustin, Andrew{"type"=>"OTHER", "title"=>"Implications to aquifer storage from shifts in timing of water-balance partitioning: Indiana, United States", "authors"=>[{"seqno"=>1, "is_author"=>true, "surname"=>"Letsinger", "firstname"=>"Sally", "middlename"=>nil, "guid"=>"741AA7C97F00000155C7539A3E369057"}, {"seqno"=>2, "is_author"=>true, "surname"=>"Balberg", "firstname"=>"Allison", "middlename"=>nil}, {"seqno"=>3, "is_author"=>true, "surname"=>"Gustin", "firstname"=>"Andrew", "middlename"=>nil}], "other_data"=>{"publisher"=>"Indiana University Bloomington", "language"=>"English", "url"=>"https://search.datacite.org/works/10.13140/rg.2.2.22549.70881", "publication"=>"Report to Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Award #41486"}, "alternateIds"=>[{"source"=>"COS", "otherId"=>"10.13140/rg.2.2.22549.70881", "type"=>"doi"}, {"source"=>"COS", "otherId"=>"FETCH-datacite_primary_10_13140_rg_2_2_22549_708810", "type"=>"summonId"}, {"source"=>"COS", "otherId"=>"10_13140_rg_2_2_22549_70881", "type"=>"patentNumber"}], "doi"=>"10.13140/rg.2.2.22549.70881", "source_type"=>"Report", "pubdate"=>"2021", "year"=>"2021", "source"=>"COS", "pages"=>"90 p", "abstract"=>"In this study, water-balance data were assembled and analyzed for\nIndiana through the 40-year period between 1980 and 2019. The\nobjective was to understand water-related trends associated with\nwarmer and wetter conditions in the Midwest US, and how those trends\nare likely to affect the groundwater resources of Indiana.\nIndiana has a humid continental climate trending towards humid\nsubtropical towards the southern border of the state, and future\nprojections under a range of climate-change scenarios include warming\ntemperatures and increased, but seasonally redistributed, precipitation.\nIndiana uses a combination of surface- and groundwater sources for a\nnumber of sectors (public water supply, irrigation, industrial uses, etc.),\nand surface-water resources are generally better understood than\ngroundwater and aquifer storage.\nMany previous studies have found that precipitation is increasing, and\nchanges in intensity and seasonal timing of the precipitation have\nimplications for flooding, forced modifications to agricultural operations,\nand even public water supplies. Most of these studies have been local in\nnature, or national or global in scope; this study is specific to Indiana.\nIndiana has a surprisingly diverse set of hydrogeologic environments that\ngovern the distribution of aquifer resources in the subsurface. Therefore,\nconditions at the surface can have a variety of effects, some of which will\nbe felt immediately, and some of which might not be of concern for\ndecades or centuries.\nThis study employed a model to conduct water-balance calculations for\nthe entire state at a spatial resolution of 250 m x 250 m (about 800 ft x\n800 ft), using a daily time step from 1980 to 2019 (40 years). The model\noutputs provided estimates of amounts and timing of water-balance\ncomponents (e.g., amount of precipitation, evaporation and plant\ntranspiration, potential groundwater recharge, and surface-water\nrunoff). The spatial distribution of groundwater recharge in different\nseasons was mapped.\nResults show that the statewide average annual groundwater recharge is\nabout 6 inches per year, but it is not uniformly distributed – some areas\nreceive very little recharge (1 inch per year in southern Indiana), while\nothers receive more than 14 inches per year. Trend analyses show that\nrecharge is increasing most in near-stream aquifers (e.g., outwash\naquifers) as a result of intensified and episodic stormwater runoff. In the\nlast 20 years, recharge has shifted slightly from Spring to Winter.\nSome upland aquifers (sand and gravel lenses in glacial till in Central\nIndiana) could experience declining water levels from lower rates of\ngroundwater recharge over time."}. (pp. 90 p). Indiana University Bloomington. 2021. | Report