My research interests have dealt primarily with structural/functional relationships of the kidney during the process of nephrogenesis and injury (acute and chronic). Qualitative and quantitative studies have been performed on the developing proximal tubules and collecting ducts. Abnormal developmental processes are being investigated in models of human polycystic kidney disease. These models also serve as an experimental approach to understand mechanisms of chronic renal failure. The renal bioeffects of shock wave lithotripsy are being studied in human patients, the minipig, and cell culture conditions. The structural characteristics of arterioles and venules of the small intestine are investigated by semiquantitative SEM protocols.